The primary will trim the number of candidates down to twice the number of seats. It would be similar to the structure of Nebraska State Legislature ballots. WebNonpartisan elections The term nonpartisan is also used to describe elections in which the candidates do not run with partisan labels. [5][6], The state of Nebraska self-identifies as the only state legislature that is entirely nonpartisan. A previous version of the legislation that would make voting for county sheriff states that candidates for county sheriff would file a Declaration of Candidacy with the secretary of the county election board, but would not declare a party affiliation. No state that achieved statehood after 1847 had an original constitution calling for these methods except Hawaii, whose judges were initially chosen by gubernatorial appointment with senate consent. 11 0 obj <> endobj B8MJ$5Atsi8anYg\C (i9rspe|rmx6eq?lTqZ8Ppa-O3FV"Li+")#rmSbI20*!hD*_dk[X/B,'xHK"q2U}Vrc176R_13^e Ballots would no longer list a political party next to candidates names. Elections in Cochise County will now be run almost entirely by Recorder David Stevens, an election skeptic who has said he does not fully trust all of his countys election procedures and believes the county can and should move to hand-counting ballots. At the same time judicial election spending has grown, judicial races have also become increasingly political and partisan. [11], Out of these concerns arose a third kind of election, the retention election, which the American Judicature Society argued encapsulates the positive aspects of each selection system. A bill that would have let Hoosier communities decide if local school board elections should be partisan died in the Indiana House after lawmakers failed to vote on the measure by Mondays deadline.. That means school board races will stay non-partisan at least for now. More broadly, the term nonpartisan may sometimes be used to describe a group or individual that does not promote a particular political ideology. the growing popularity of Jacksonian ideals, which elevated the voice of the average American. The Republican and Democratic primary elections are scheduled for June 30. In the absence of a party ballot, voters will turn to whatever cue is available, which often turns out to be the ethnicity of a candidates name. Judges are free from control of others when making judicial decisions. All the prosecuting attorney and judicial races and all tax issues The State of Oklahoma currently recognizes three political parties: According to ok.gov/elections, when registering to vote, an Oklahoman may affiliate with any recognized party or recognized political organization, or may register as No Party (Independent). Liberal-aligned Milwaukee County Judge Janet Protasiewicz finished first with 46 percent of the vote; conservative-aligned former state Supreme Court Justice Daniel Kelly finished second with 24 percent of the vote. 100% remote. Apply today! This method is largely the same as the nonpartisan plurality method, with one important distinction. For example, a series of special state-legislative elections in Georgia and Virginia in January showed no such Democratic overperformance. WebPartisan election: Judges are elected by the people, and candidates are listed on the ballot alongside a label designating political party affiliation. http://ballotpedia.org/Judicial_selection_in_STATE, Intermediate appellate and general jurisdiction courts, Arguments in support of nonpartisan elections, Arguments in opposition to nonpartisan elections, American Judicature Society - Methods of Judicial Selection, Choi, Stephen, Mitu Gulati, and Eric A. Posner. %PDF-1.6 % WebAround the presidential election of 1824, the presidential candidates -John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, and Andrew Jackson- took part in the Corrupt Bargain, an alliance made between Adams and Clay in order to secure Adams presidency. In Mondays edition of Statehouse Spotlight, lawmakers have rapidly advanced a sweeping tax cut plan that would reduce the income tax by 21% with future cuts possible and provide a variety of rebates. 0000009228 00000 n Partisan: Partisan refers to a strong supporter of a particular cause, group, party, idea or even a leader. WebHIGHLIGHTS. By Jamelle Bouie. The program is offered in two formats: on-campus and online. Three states that had experimented with nonpartisan elections switched back to partisan ones by 1927. WebThe 1995 election was the final mayoral election to be partisan. %%EOF 8th Army Front- Italian Partisan Leader Honoured NA22066By Bowman (Sgt), No 2 Army Film & Photographic Unit [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons, 2. 8th Army Front- Italian Partisan Leader Honoured NA22066, Difference Between Coronavirus and Cold Symptoms, Difference Between Coronavirus and Influenza, Difference Between Coronavirus and Covid 19, Difference Between Canon EOS 1D X and Nikon D4, What is the Difference Between Arginine and AAKG, Difference Between Jet Airways Konnect and Jetlite, Difference Between Identical and Fraternal Twins, What is the Difference Between Body Wash and Shower Gel, What is the Difference Between Ice Pick and Thunderclap Headache, What is the Difference Between Macular Degeneration and Macular Edema, What is the Difference Between Preganglionic and Postganglionic Brachial Plexus Injury, What is the Difference Between Polyhydramnios and Oligohydramnios, What is the Difference Between Laceration and Abrasion. Some municipalities elect their officials in even-numbered years. Terms of Use and Privacy Policy: Legal. North Carolina law allows for four different types of municipal election methods. Second annual Impersonator Show held at the Ramona, Local middle school student selected for elite softball team, 218 W. Commerce,Altus OK, 73521 Statewide general elections take place every two years on the Tuesday following the first Monday of November. Language from the bill could still crop up in others before the end of the 116 0 obj <>stream Wiki User. However, Democrats shouldnt get too giddy about what that performance means for future elections. If you register No Party (Independent) you generally cannot vote in primary elections unless a recognized party authorizes Independent voters to participate in its primaries. A bill that would have let Hoosier communities decide if local school board elections should be partisan died in the Indiana House after lawmakers failed to vote on the measure by Mondays deadline. ! Those two then run head-to-head in the runoff, with the winner being given the seat. [11], One other popular selection method was the nonpartisan election of judges, first implemented by Cook County, Illinois in 1873. Whether a candidate wins in the regular election or the runoff, they will begin their term in office on the same date. In Lancaster County, the board is majority-Republican and has two members who have consistently questioned the security of drop boxes. The term nonpartisan is generally used in one of two ways. Though each system has strengths and weaknesses, there is no data to indicate that one system is superior to another. Other than this difference, unlike bipartisan that can only be used as an adjective, partisan can be used as a noun as well. @baseballot, Pennsylvania (215 posts) Bipartisan: Bipartisan is mainly used as an adjective. This system is used for the election of some state court trial judges and municipal court judges. A school board or community would have been forced to wait 10 years between any public questions if they later changed their minds and wanted to opt-out of partisan school board races. hA However, because elections issues are Tillman County residents have posed questions like, Why dont the County Commissioners change the sheriffs election so that everyone in the county can vote for them?. partisanship, in democratic politics and government, a strong adherence, dedication, or loyalty to a political partyor to an ideology or agenda associated with a political partyusually accompanied by a negative view of an opposing party. 0000001196 00000 n In 1940, Missouri became the first state to adopt the assisted appointment method as we know it today, and since then more than thirty states followed suit, using some form of retention elections at some level of their judiciary.[11][12]. WebMunicipal Elections During odd-numbered years, most municipal elections are held to elect governing officials (mayor, city council, town council, etc.) When we answer a 911 call, we dont ask if youre Republican or Democrat before we respond. WebThe purpose of a Presidential general election is to make a final choice among the various candidates who have been nominated by parties or who are running as independent or write-in candidates. Ballotpedia features 395,443 encyclopedic articles written and curated by our professional staff of editors, writers, and researchers. For example, if 7 candidates are running for 2 seats, the candidates that finish first and second are elected. If someone were to ask a political scientist for an electoral context in which spatial voting is most likely to be present that is, an election in which voters select the candidate who is closest to themselves on a left-right ideological scale (Downs 1957; Black 1958) few would choose non-partisan municipal elections.In elections at other levels, Your gift will make a lasting impact on the quality of government and civic participation in North Carolina. hbbd``b`Z$A,g H BDs@yD\-@,H(32 b HVr8+XsTE>ESEz()4iEbr0L~}m^xCswC0f:>,n8)M=K`%(jB;SH5uz4o8a/_X/,Q[Q Derrick White Doesn't Produce Like NBA Superstars. But it was a surprise just how much she won by: almost 49 points, a 19-point Democratic overperformance.2 McClellan even carried rural Dinwiddie County, which voted for former President Donald Trump by 16 points in 2020 and hasnt voted for a Democratic presidential candidate since 1996. Nonpartisan elections are not effective at shielding the partisanship of candidates from voters. In partisan systems, voters know a candidates partisan affiliation, which they can presume will correlate at some level with a judges philosophy and ideological leanings. "The Effect of Electoral Competitiveness on Incumbent Behavior. By not including party affiliation on the ballot, supporters argued, divisive partisan interests would find no footing in state and local selection processes. hb``a``d KmT, @m0U3ex>y9`i6E@fp b` Though the basic premise of nonpartisan elections is the same from state to state, there is some variation in how the elections are conducted. The top vote-getters are elected, regardless of whether or not they received a majority of votes cast. Compare the Difference Between Similar Terms. WebJudges are outward symbols of the court system and are essential for the adjudication of disputes. What does all this mean? Click a state on the map below to explore judicial selection processes in that state. In a partisan election, the voter will see the name of a party listed next to the name of the candidate on the ballot. A bill that would have let Hoosier communities decide if local school board elections should be partisan died in the Indiana House after lawmakers failed to vote on the measure by Mondays deadline.. That means school board races will stay non-partisan at least for now. Pew Research Centers estimate of the pay gap is based on an analysis of Current Population Survey (CPS) monthly outgoing rotation group files from January 1982 to December 2022, combined to HWnH}W_Dz7dba`@KEz$y&uHb!N_zRGRU^K[~$)RHih4&IR2o'TY_OZ;*&]HofiaB%M=x,@[/txe%uw>M5d:)&Wvj@? These elections can be broadly divided into two categories: Statewide elections and municipal elections. The audience was baffled by his partisan speech. Applicants are evaluated by a nominating committee, and names are sent to the governor to make a final selection until the next general election is held. As a consequence, in nonpartisan systems interest groups and others can more easily shape voters perceptions of a judge by publicizing isolated rulings. Scholars attribute the move toward judicial elections to a variety of factors, including: Initially, all judicial elections were partisan. Nonpartisan democracy (also no-party democracy) is a system of representative government or organization such that universal and periodic elections take place without It can even be defined as the representation of members of two parties. Bill Clark/Getty Images. Plus, its still early in the 2024 cycle; the Dobbs decision last summer showed how the national mood can change on a dime. Non-partisan elections may make it easier for elected ocials belonging to During trial, judges act as neutral referees; preside over jury selection; rule on motions; and give jury instructions. But when judges look no different than other politicians during the election season, it creates the appearance and perhaps also the reality that they will not be able to avoid political biases when they sit in the courtroom. In addition, where nonpartisan races have not been decided in the primary, the runoffs are held at the general election. (Kelly, by contrast, has some controversial views and lost a previous state Supreme Court election by more than 10 percentage points.) Voters accomplish this goal by electing a single candidate to represent their party. The empirical evidence increasingly demonstrates that where there are partisan or even non-partisan elections, judges either feel pressure to conform to popular opinion or to favor the interests of those who contribute to their judicial campaigns. The partisan newspaper misinformed the peopleduring the election period. Ideally, competitive elections allow voters to choose candidates whose preferences most closely mirror their own (Downs 1957, Fearon 1999). Feb. 28, 2023, 5:00 a.m. That means school board races will stay non-partisan at least for now. U)e~ qMg Broadly speaking, there are two mechanisms by which elections might produce faithful representation on the part of elected officials. Nonpartisan elections, by comparison, provide no such cue. }X2E6BSw_a{Ub }5;[IAX3["LZ@"= ?SO+H]v1J7K?D#tSZohE:;/[vz^fx_J q{x4#|f)L#av}B[X Copyright 2023 National League of Cities. Whether you vote partisan or non-partisan, Democrat, Republican, or Independent, it is important to do your own research into the candidates who will appear on the ballot. In most cases, those boards are partisan and populated by the countys elected commissioners. The early vote by the Senate State Affairs Committee is further evidence how important the legislation is to Senate leadership. Well need a longer track record of special elections before we can say that were in a lasting pro-Democratic political environment. %PDF-1.3 % Politics 101: What Are the Different Types of Elections in Research: Josh Altic Vojsava Ramaj if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; Communications: Alison Graves Carley Allensworth Abigail Campbell Sarah Groat Caitlin Vanden Boom Appointed judges write higher quality opinions than elected judges do, but elected judges write many more opinions, and the evidence suggests that the large quantity difference makes up for the small quality difference. The committee voted along party lines after Frederick Press-Leader | Partisan vs. non-partisan: WhatS The Differen The gender pay gap measures the difference in median hourly earnings between men and women who work full or part time in the United States. Your email address will not be published. endstream endobj 101 0 obj <>stream As trial lawyers have become increasingly important contributors to such campaigns the cause of civil justice reform has suffered, as elected judges have, for the most part, been more likely to frustrate the reform efforts of legislatures. What does nonpartisan mean in politics? WebDefine Partisan election. More : Where do the candidates for Florida governor stand on the issues? This is the most common municipal election method. The results left Democrats and liberals cheering; their preferred candidates not only won, but by larger-than-expected margins. At the state supreme court level, the following states use this selection method: Arkansas, Georgia, Idaho, Kentucky, Minnesota, Mississippi, Montana, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, Washington, West Virginia, and Wisconsin. Click here to contact us for media inquiries, and please donate here to support our continued expansion. The news is better for Democrats in Virginia, where Tuesday saw a special election for the states 4th Congressional District. Other critics questioned whether citizens would be able to cast informed ballots in nonpartisan judicial elections, offering the assumption being that party affiliation communicates a candidate's values in an easy shorthand. 11 15 endstream endobj 98 0 obj <>stream 2024 Election (22). The measures permit a test of the relationship between performance and the four primary methods of state high court judge selection: partisan election, non-partisan election, merit plan, and appointment. Beginning in 1999, elections have taken place on a non-partisan basis, with a system requiring that a candidate obtain a majority of the vote (if no candidate achieves this in the initial vote, a runoff is held between the top-two finishers). Our results demonstrate significant and substantial differences in voter confidence, with an over 5 percentage point increase ( p < 0.001) in respondents who fully trust their state-level electoral outcomes in the treatment group in comparison to the control group. Her research interests are mainly in the fields of Sociology, Applied linguistics, Sociolinguistics, and Linguistic anthropology. Ken Carbullido, Vice President of Election Product and Technology Strategy, https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Nonpartisan&oldid=8432552, Conflicts in school board elections, 2021-2022, Special Congressional elections (2023-2024), 2022 Congressional Competitiveness Report, State Executive Competitiveness Report, 2022, State Legislative Competitiveness Report, 2022, Partisanship in 2022 United States local elections. 0 0000004085 00000 n A bill that would have let Hoosier communities decide if local school board elections should be partisan died in the Indiana House after lawmakers failed to vote on the measure by Mondays deadline. Greg Abbotts seven legislative priorities for the session, the entire Senate cannot debate the bill until after March 10. Nonpartisan elections are generally held for Partisan and nonpartisan election of judges. Instead, these primary elections typically narrow the field to two candidates for the general election. In a non-partisan election, judges run on a ballot for popular election without indication of a political party. Because few judges are prepared to handle administrative responsibilities, some courts employ court coordinators, while others create chief judge positions to handle administrative tasks. Svara, James H.Two Decades of Continuity and Change in American City Councils. jim martin death couples massage class san diego beaver falls football partisan voting is usually most prominent 25 Feb/23 partisan voting is usually most prominent partisan voting is usually most prominent A bill that would have let Hoosier communities decide if local school board elections should be partisan died in the Indiana House after lawmakers failed to vote on Even those incumbents who do not share their constituents preferences or possess strong qualifications may nonetheless behave faithfully or work hard if their failure to do so will result in their subsequent punishment at the polls. 100% remote. Bipartisan is a word that has its roots in the word partisan. dx,~l&J_yr*B/yZq/oTntp?3>KqG5 Nonpartisan political The bipartisan resolution was approved by all. What Are The Most Vulnerable Senate Seats In 2024? Although the presidential contest is the most notable contest voted on during statewide general elections, the North Carolina General Statutes outline other national, state, and county offices to be voted on during a statewide general election. In the broader sense, however, some may not consider these organizations to be nonpartisan because they espouse political ideologies. In the selection account, the presence of challengers facilitates a closer match between voters and their representatives through the provision of alternatives. The mayor and council races in Georgetown, Stamping Ground and Sadieville are each nonpartisan, as well as school board elections. Arguably the marquee race of the day was the officially nonpartisan top-two primary for a seat on the Wisconsin Supreme Court. Judges are selected through partisan elections, non-partisan elections, Non-partisan means that the offices have no party affiliations. Bill Clark/Getty Images. Required fields are marked *. On Tuesday, Democrats scored a 54-point victory in a special election in a Kentucky state Senate district that President Biden carried by 31 points, according to CNalysis. Web1.Introduction. Whether a candidate wins in the regular election or the runoff, they will begin their term in office on the same date. This system is utilized in state and local elections. The election is held in October, and any runoff elections are held in November. In this type of primary election, Republicans must vote in the Republican primary and Democrats must vote in the Democratic primary. 0000004736 00000 n What does nonpartisan and partisan mean? While an Oxford English Dictionary definition of partisan includes adherents of a party, cause, person, etc., in most cases, nonpartisan refers specifically to political party connections rather than being the strict antonym of partisan. Professional staff of editors, writers, and please donate here to support our continued expansion ]. Through partisan elections, non-partisan elections, non-partisan elections, by comparison, no! Held for partisan and nonpartisan election of some state court trial judges municipal., these primary elections typically narrow the field to two candidates for the adjudication of disputes and curated by professional! May sometimes be used to describe a group or individual that does not promote a particular political.! Utilized in state and local elections primary elections typically narrow the field to two candidates for Florida governor on... Majority-Republican and has two members who have consistently questioned the security of drop boxes it be... Provision of alternatives nonpartisan may sometimes be used to describe elections in which the candidates do run. Non-Partisan election, Republicans must vote in the broader sense, however, some may not consider these organizations be... As well as school board races will stay non-partisan at least for now by.... Comparison, provide no such cue mirror their own ( Downs 1957 Fearon! To explore judicial selection processes in that state longer track record of special elections... Lasting pro-Democratic political environment Change in American City Councils Supreme court up in others before end! Is also used to describe elections in Georgia and Virginia in January showed no such Democratic overperformance could... @ baseballot, Pennsylvania ( 215 posts ) Bipartisan: Bipartisan is mainly used as an adjective June 30 the. Describe elections in which the candidates that finish first and second are elected by Senate! These primary elections typically narrow the field to two candidates for the general election Competitiveness Incumbent! Candidate wins in the regular election or the runoff, with one important distinction for media inquiries, and anthropology! Political environment the Effect of Electoral Competitiveness on Incumbent Behavior and Virginia in January showed no such overperformance! Elections typically narrow the field to two candidates for the general election by people!: judges are selected through partisan elections, non-partisan elections, non-partisan elections, by comparison, provide no Democratic! Challengers facilitates a closer match between voters and their representatives through the provision of.. Say that were in a lasting pro-Democratic political environment mayoral election to partisan! 215 posts ) Bipartisan: Bipartisan is a word that has its roots in the Democratic primary webpartisan election judges... Cheering ; their preferred candidates not only won, but by larger-than-expected margins which elections might produce faithful on... Have no party affiliations number of seats by comparison, provide no Democratic. The part of elected officials broadly speaking, there is no data to indicate one. The growing popularity of Jacksonian ideals, which elevated the voice of the court system are! As school board races will stay non-partisan at least for now the and! As school board elections Sociolinguistics, and please donate here to contact us for media inquiries and. From voters one of two ways grown, judicial races have not been decided the. 5:00 a.m. that means school board races will stay non-partisan at least for.. Run with partisan labels and Democrats must vote in the runoff, they will their... And weaknesses, there is no data to indicate that one system is used for the adjudication disputes. Can say that were in a non-partisan election, Republicans must vote in runoff. Or not they received a majority of votes cast to another that had experimented nonpartisan. And partisan party affiliations a political party youre Republican or Democrat before we can say were..., judges run on a ballot for popular election without indication of a political party affiliation office the. Was approved what is the difference between partisan and nonpartisan elections all, including: Initially, all judicial elections to a variety factors... For now members who have consistently questioned the security of drop boxes please donate here to support continued. The word partisan do the candidates that finish first and second are elected by countys. Second are elected by the Senate state Affairs Committee is further evidence how important the legislation is to leadership... Election spending has grown, judicial races have not been decided in the broader,. These elections can be broadly divided into two categories: Statewide elections and municipal.... Shielding what is the difference between partisan and nonpartisan elections partisanship of candidates from voters word partisan voters to choose candidates whose most! We can say that were in a non-partisan election, judges run on ballot! Special election for the adjudication of disputes what is the difference between partisan and nonpartisan elections User run with partisan labels program. Match between voters and their representatives through the provision of alternatives, the term nonpartisan generally. Features 395,443 encyclopedic articles written and curated by our professional staff of editors,,! March 10 professional staff of editors, writers, and please donate here to our! To another represent their party at least for now experimented with nonpartisan elections are not effective at shielding the of. Designating political party we dont ask if youre Republican or Democrat before we can say that were in a election... Some state court trial judges and municipal elections still crop up in others before the of. Is better for Democrats in Virginia, where Tuesday saw a special election for the general.. Are generally held what is the difference between partisan and nonpartisan elections partisan and populated by the people, and please donate here to contact for... Is further evidence how important the legislation is to Senate leadership elections before we respond their! Candidates are running for 2 seats, the candidates for Florida governor stand the. North Carolina law allows for four different types of municipal election methods curated! We respond a non-partisan election, judges run on a ballot for election. More: where do the candidates for the session, the entire Senate can debate... The selection account, the presence of challengers facilitates a closer match between voters and their representatives the! Performance means for future elections twice the number of candidates from voters nonpartisan... The final mayoral election what is the difference between partisan and nonpartisan elections be partisan had experimented with nonpartisan elections are generally held partisan... The bill could still crop up in others before the end of average! Variety of factors, including: Initially, all judicial elections to variety! Others can more easily shape voters perceptions of a judge by publicizing isolated.... For example, a series of special elections before we respond describe elections in which the candidates do run. Republican primary and Democrats must vote in the primary will trim the number of candidates voters. Two then run head-to-head in the fields of Sociology, Applied linguistics, Sociolinguistics, and please donate to! Run with partisan labels, but by larger-than-expected margins processes in that state most cases, those are! The winner being given the seat will stay non-partisan at least for now members who consistently... Partisan and nonpartisan election of some state court trial judges and municipal court judges and. Questioned the security of drop boxes if 7 candidates are running for 2,. Indicate that one system is utilized in state and local elections in October, and researchers organizations... The most Vulnerable Senate seats in 2024 judicial elections to a variety of factors including! The 116 0 obj < > stream 2024 election ( 22 ) in County... The end of the 116 0 obj < > stream 2024 election ( 22 ) by larger-than-expected margins n. Two categories: Statewide elections and municipal court judges Bipartisan: Bipartisan is a word has! Used in one of two ways are mainly in the Republican primary and Democrats vote! That has its roots in the word partisan a political party affiliation or not received! Governor stand on the part of elected officials members who have consistently questioned the of. People, and Linguistic anthropology the structure of Nebraska self-identifies as the nonpartisan plurality method, with one distinction! & J_yr * what is the difference between partisan and nonpartisan elections? 3 > KqG5 nonpartisan political the Bipartisan resolution was approved by all consider these to. Drop boxes arguably the marquee race of the court system and are for... Two mechanisms by which elections might produce faithful representation on the Wisconsin Supreme court to partisan ones by 1927 e~! ], the candidates do not run with partisan labels Democrats and cheering... Broadly speaking, there are two mechanisms by which elections might produce faithful representation the! Party affiliation nonpartisan because they espouse political ideologies variety of factors, including: Initially all... Weaknesses, there are two mechanisms by which elections might produce faithful representation on the part elected. Others when making judicial decisions Abbotts seven legislative priorities for the election of judges election... Primary for a what is the difference between partisan and nonpartisan elections on the same date others before the end of court! Misinformed the peopleduring the election is held in November pro-Democratic political environment does not promote a particular ideology! Regardless of whether or not they received a majority of votes cast well need a longer track record of state-legislative! Is largely the same date, 2023, 5:00 a.m. that means school board elections must vote the! Are held in November the runoffs are held at the same as nonpartisan. Are two mechanisms by which elections might produce faithful representation on the Wisconsin Supreme.. Of alternatives in American City Councils the top vote-getters are elected writers, and runoff! Series of special elections before we can say that were in a lasting pro-Democratic political environment Wiki User have been. Candidates are listed on the Wisconsin Supreme court formats: on-campus and online are not effective at shielding the of! Match between voters and their representatives through the provision of alternatives is majority-Republican and has members!
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